Lamp construction



Jan. 18, 1944. M. MARKOWITZ 2,339,498

LAMP CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 27, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l //v l/E/V TOR. MA NUEL MAR/(o w/ 72 Gr HAkR/J, /(/CH, F05 TER HA em:

FOR THE FIRM A 7' TO RNE KS.

M. MARKOWITZ 2,339,498

LAMP CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 21,1941 2 Sheets-Sheet? J. H WW K v "WW A 21 Jan. 18, 1944.

wms/yroe MANUEL MAR/(O w/ 72 AlEch; F05 n5? :1 HAP/PIS F0? THE IRM A TTOPNIIKS.

Patented Jan. 18, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,339,498 LAMP CONSTRUCTION Manuel Markowitz, Los Angeles, Calif. Application January 27, 1941, Serial No. 376,1 8

6 Claims.

My invention relates to a lamp construction and more particularly to a lamp construction capable of providing a readily controlled degree of illumination.

It is frequently desirable to provide with a lamp a low degree of illumination, such for example as is sufficient to render objects visible yet insuflicient. to permit the reading of a printed page or to cause glare. A lamp providing such a comparatively low degree of illumination finds great utility in cafes and restaurants Where it enables the diners to eat in comfort without detracting from, the superior illumination of the entertainers. Such lamps are also widely employed as night lights for sleeping quarters, for

illuminating the interior of vehicles, etc. It is an object of my invention to provide a lamp construction capable of supplying such a comparatively low degree of illumination.

In many of the fields of use of a lamp providing such a low degree of illumination it is frequently desired to secure from the same light source a high degree of illumination. Thus, for example, in cafes and restaurants it is of great advantage to, at times, provide a high degree of illumination from the lamp customarily employingthe low degree of illumination, as hereinbefore described, in order that there may be read in comfort a printed page, such as menus or the like, and similarly it is of advantage that such a lamp construction also provide a high degree of illumination in sleepin quarters so that the same light source which is employed as a night light may be used as a reading lamp. Likewise it isadvantageous to secure from a lamp in a vehicle ordinarily illuminating the interior thereof to such a low degree as not to detract from the Visibility of the road ahead a higher degree of illumination for the reading of maps, etc.

It is an object of my invention to provide a lamp construction which is capable of illumimating a defined field to a low degree with soft diffused light and to a high degree with brilliant reflected light, and which is readily adjustable to vary. the degree of illumination, providing an infinite number of gradations of light intensity bebetween such low and high degrees.

More particularly it is an object of my invention to provide a lamp construction having thereon adiffusion member transmitting light from a light source and a reflecting member which reflects rays from such light source through and about such diffusion member with means for varying the proportion of the light from such source which is reflected above the light diffusion member, so that the degree of illumination is varied.

In many fields or use of a lamp construction, such as above described, it is frequently desirable to vary the vertical dimensions of the field of illumination without varying the intensity of the illumination. Thus, for example, in a lamp construction for a table of a cafe or restaurant it may be desired to provide a vertical field of i1- lumination, the low limit of which is the table top and the upper limit of which is the eye level of individuals seated at the table. This upper limit obviously will vary with individuals of different heights, making it necessary to vary the upper limit of the field of illumination if the eyes of different individuals are to be shielded from rays from the light source.-

'It is an object of my invention to provide a lamp construction defining the upper limit of the field of illumination and including means for easily adjusting this upper limit as may be desired.

} Still another object of my invention is the provision of a lamp construction capable of providing a; low degree of illumination and a high degree of illumination, with means for varying the degree of illumination between such lmits and means for defining and varying the upper limit of the field of illumination;

In many fields it is desirable to employ a lamp construction providing a colored field of illumination, such, for example, as a blue field of low illumination in sleeping quarters, a blue field of high illumination where great visibility for A precision work is required, and a red, orange,

or yellow field of illumination for photographic processing. In such fields of use it is frequently desired to provide from the same light source a white field of illumination or a field of a higher degree of illumination.

It is. a corresponding object of my invention toprovide a lamp construction capable of furnishing a colored field of illumination and also capable of. producing a White field of illumination of: different intensity,.with means for varying the color and degree of illumination of the field.

The lamp construction capable of accomplishing' these and other objects and providing the foregoing and other. advantages is described in the following specification, which may be better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings in' which Fig. 1 is an elevational' view p'artially'sect-ioned of one form of my'invention:

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view taken as indicated by the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken as indicated by the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken as indicated by the line 55 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary plan View taken as indicated by the line 6-6 of Fig. 4;

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the means embodied in the construction illustrated in Fig. 4 for elevating the shield or refleeting member;

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view taken as indicated by the line 88 of Fig. 7;

Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are fragmentary sectional views of alternative forms of reflector members which may be employed with the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fig. 5;

Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of my invention adapted for illuminating the interior of vehicles;

Fig. 13 is a sectional View taken as indicated bythe line |3|3 of Fig. 12; and

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken as indicated by the line |4-|4 of Fig. 12.

Referring to the drawings which are illustrative purposes only, the numeral 2| of Fig. 1 indicates one embodiment of a lamp construction of my invention. This embodiment includes a supporting stand 22' comprising two telescoping member 23 and 24. The member 23 is a hollow cylindrical member in which the member 24 is slidably disposedand is provided at its lower end with a base 25 of enlarged diameter. A set screw 26 is threaded through the lower telescoping member 23 against the upper or inner telescoping member 24 to secure it against vertical movement. An electrical conductor 21 passes through the base 25, the hollow cylindrical member 23, and the upper telescoping member 24 which is also a hollow cylindrical body, and is connected to a suitable light source. This light source may be afluorescent lamp, a neon or tubular lamp, or a conventional incandescent light bulb. I have shown the conductor 21 as connected to a light socket 28 of conventional construction which receives a light bulb 29.

Mounted upon the socket 28 and in fixed relationship therewith is a lower'reflector 35 substantially semi-spherical in form. The lower reflector 30 is provided with a horizontal flange 3| adjacent its upper edge with an upturned lip 32 extending therearound.

Positioned within the lip 32 and resting upon the horizontal flange 3| is a light diffusion or translucent member 33. The member 33 may be of any suitable outline conforming to the outline of the lip 32 and the horizontalflange 3|, and is illustrated in Fig. 1 as circular in outline. It may be formed of any desired material having the property of transmitting light from the source 29 as a dilfused soft light providing a relatively low degree of illumination and free of lare. I have found the material most suitable for this purpose to be glass, etched or sand rality of horizontal ears 35, illustrated as two in number. Secured to each of the ears 35'and de-' pending therefrom is an outer cylindrical sleeve 36, best illustrated in Fig. 2. Within each of the sleeves 36 is rotatably disposed a'sleeve 31 having an annular flange 38 engaging the upper surface of the associated ear 35. The sleeve 31 is provided with a cylindrical bore 39 into the lower end of which is threaded a plug 40 which is non-rotatably secured to a knurled knob 4|.

Formed in the inner sleeve 3'! and extending through a substantial part of its length is a spiral way 42 into Which a horizontal pin 43 mounted upon a supporting rod 44 projects. The supporting rod 44 is slidably received in the cylindrical bore 39 of the sleeve 31 and is held against rotation by attachment to an upper reflector 45. Projecting upwardly from the upper reflector 45 is a rod 46 upon which a decorative top piece 41 is threaded to retain a shield or shade 48in position against stop rods 49 attached to the top of the upper reflector 45. The shade 48 may be of any desired outline and shape and formed of any suitable material to provide a pleasing appearance, but is preferably extended slightly below the lower edge of the light diffusion member 33 when it is in its lowermost position, as illustrated in the full lines of Fig. 1.

With this embodiment of my invention and the parts thereof in the positions illustrated in the full lines of Fig. 1, all of the rays of light from the light source 29 are directed through the diffusion member 33, either directly from the light source or reflected from one or the other, or both, of the reflectors 3i! and 45. The lamp 2| thus provides a soft diffused light free of glare, but of a sufficiently high degree of illumination to render adjacent objects visible. In this position the lamp 2| is suitable for use upon a dining table or in a sleeping room or the like.

When a higher degree of illumination is desired, the knurled knob 4| is rotated, thus rotating the sleeve M and causing the horizontal pin 43 to travel upwardly in the spiral way 42, carrying the supporting rod 44. I have illustrated only one of the supporting rods 44 as being positively actuated, although obviously, if desired, both of such rods may be actuated by the use of the construction illustrated in Fig. 2. This upward movement of the supporting rods 44 elevates the upper reflector 45 relative to the diffusion member 33, the light source 29, and the lower reflector 35. Such an elevated position of the upper reflector 45 and the shade 48 carried thereby is illustrated by the broken lines of Fig. 1. With the parts in this position undififused light passes outward through the space between the upper reflector 45 and the diffusion member 33,

1 this light including rays directly from the light source 29 as well as rays reflected by the lower reflector 30 or the upper reflector 45, or both of such reflectors.

With the parts in the position thus described, the light provided by the lamp 2| is a mixture of the diffused light passed through the diffusion member 33 and the more brilliant undiffused light which has passed between the upper reflector 45 and the diifusion member 33. The

resulting illumination'is of a much higher degree than that provided when all of the light emitted by the lamp passes through the diffusion member 33 and is sufficient to enable individuals near the lamp to read in comfort. By loosening the set screw 26, the member 2 may be raised or lowered relative to the lower telescoping member 23 until the shade 43 defines the upper limit of the field of illumination at the desired level, which is preferably below the eye level of the individual adjacent the lamp.-

raysradially offthe table top 50 and substantially- Ilhesetscrew isthen tightenedlto-hold the members23 and: 24 against relative movement.

If desired, as, for example, for use in some circumstances, such as hereinbefore described, the difiusion, member 33 may be caused to provide a. field of colored light by incorporating suitable coloring material within, or a coating upon, the diffusion member 33. Thus, forexample, if the diffusion member 33 be coated with a red application, the lamp 2| is suitable for use in a photographic dark room. When the photographic process requiring such colored light is ended'and' a higher degree of illumination is desired, it is necessary only to elevate the upper reflector 45 in themanner previously described.

Figs. 4 to 8, inclusive, illustrate another embodiment of my invention, adapted for use in a table top. Referring to Fig. 4,,the numeral i. indicates a table top of opaque material; which may be of conventional outline, such for example as round or square, and which is supported upon a central pedestal 54, illustrated as cylindricalin form. At its lower end the pedestal 5| is provided with a foot member 52 of enlarged diameter, having an opening 53 therein.

Centrally of the table top 5!! is a circular open- .3554 in which an annulus 55 is removably positioned; The annulus 55 may be made of glass or material of the same type as the material forming the table top 5! Theannulus 55 is secured to the upper end of a cylindrical shell 555, the lower end of which rests upon the upper surface of the foot member 52 within the pedestal 5!. A housing 5i which may be semi-spherical in form is secured to the annulus 55 as by having an annular flange 58 extendingfromthe rim of the housing 5? clamped between, the upper end of the cylindrical shell 56 and the lower surface cf the annulus 55. The shell 55, annulus 55, and housing 57' are thus attached together against movement relative to each other. Through a central opening inthehcusing 5'5; extends a hub portion 59 of a reflector ii). The reflector Ell is illustrated as'semispherical in outline, having a lower horizontal flange filabove the upper-face of the flange 58 of the housing 5? and having an upper horizontal flange 62 recessed in the annulus 55 so that its upper surface is flush with the upper surface of the annulus 55;

Mounted in the hub portion 358 of therefiector fill is a conventional light socket 63 receiving. a light bulb lid and connected to electrical conductors which are attached to electrical.

contact 65 which projects intoa recess the lower surface of the annulus 55, and is providedwith a downwardly extending contact arm 67 outside of the cylindrical shell =56; The contact armlil' extends through a slot. in an insulatingblo ckl li and into engagement with. a spring contact arm 6,9 therein. Thcispring contact; arm $9 is electrically connected. througha conductor ii! with a source of current not shown, the conductor passing downwardly between. the cylindrical shell 5-5 andthe pedestal 5i and through the opening 53 in the foctmember 52.

As illustrated in i the conductor is of; a length sufiicient to permit the elevation of the reflector ii!) and light; socket 53 a considerable distance above the table top 59.

Resting upon the-horizontal'flange iii of the refiectortil is a diffusion member.- ii similar to the dififusion member 33. It will'be noted that the diffusion member H projects a short distance abovethetabletop 5B and is-adapted to'transmit" horizontal. Positioned uponv the, diffusion memher it is a. shield '72 which may. be employed as a supporting means forfoccl, condiments, ashtrays, decorations, or the like. As illustrated in Fig; 4 the shield l2 includes a horizontal'plane central portion l3 surrounded by anqupstanding rim '14 with an outwardly declining flange l5 embracing the upper edge of the diffusion member H. As illustrated in Fig. 5 the shield member '12 is supported upon two vertically movable arms '16 and.

"fl; either or both of these arms may have connccted thereto actuating means for moving the shield member 'IZrelative to the diffusion member ii. I have illustrated the arm I! in Figs. 5 and 7 as having such actuating means and cap-able of such vertical adjustment. The arm I! extends downwardly through a smallhousing 73 and a cylindrical. tube l9 which communicates at its upper endwith the housing l8 and is closed at its lower end. The tube 19 is received Within a cylindrical shell which passes downwardly through the annulus 55 and is firmly attached to the flange 82.

A shaft 3! extending through the housing 18' is provided with a knurled wheel 82 on an end thereof and a pinion 83 intermediate its ends and'with n the housing'ltl. The pinion 83 meshes with a rack 3:3 formed uponthe supporting rod ll,

so that, when the knurled wheel 82 is rotated, the pinion meshing with the rack 3'6 causes the supporting rodill to move vertically with regard to. the annulus 55 and the table top By suchactuation of the knurled wheel. 82, which may be easily accomplished by an individual seated adjacent the table top-58, theshield member '52 may be moved from the position illustrated in the full lines of Fig. 5 in which all of the light provided by the lamp construction is transmitted'through the diffusion member it into the, position in which it is illustrated by the broken lines-of the same figure where a space of substantial vertical dimension is provided between the upper edge of the diffusion member 7! and the lower surface of the shield member i2 through which light raysmay pass to illuminate the table top without passing through the diifusion member ii. In this latter positionin the lamp construction provides that higher degree of illumination previously described.

Slidably mounted in a boss 85 supported upon arms iifi'secured to the interior of'the cylindrical shell 55 is a connecter in the form of a hollow tubing 8? which is attached to the reflector $0 and slidable through the central opening in the housing 5?. The tubing 87 is provided with an offset portion 86 connecting at its lower end with a rack 39 slidably mounted for vertical movement in a housing 90. The housing-9i] engages the portion 83. of the tubing 81 and guide it during vertical movement.

A shaft 5! journalled in one wall of the housing -30v and in the'cylindrical shell 55 has mounted thereon a pinion $2 meshing with the rack 89 and a gear-99 meshing with a chain 93. The chain 93. extends upwardly and over a gear 94 mounted upon a shaft 95 journalled in the cylindrical shell (it and a vertical bracket 95 secured to the inner wall thereof. A knurled, wheel 9i" isnon-rotatably mounted upon the shaft 95 shaft 95 and gear 94, and through the chain 93, the shaft 9| and pinion 92 thereon, thus moving the rack 89 vertically. This movement of the rack 89 causes vertical movement of the reflector 60, carrying with it the diffusion member 'II and shield member I2.

By such actuation of the knurled wheel 91, vertical movement of the elements just described is accomplished between the position indicated in the full lines of Fig. 5, in which the declining flange I5 of the shield member 12 defines the upper limit of the field of illumination relatively close to the table top 50, to the position illustrated by the broken lines of the same figure, in which the upper limit of the field of illumination is similarly defined at a greater height above the table top 50. It will be seen that, by the construction and actuation just described, this upper limit of the field of illumination may be readily adjusted and maintained below the eye level of individuals of different height.

Since the plane central portion I3 of the shield member I2 may be employed to support food, condiments, ash trays, decorations or the like, it will be seen that the installation of the lamp construction of my invention in the table top has diminished only to a negligible extent the area of the table top available for use. The shield member may be provided with Varying degrees of heat insulation, depending upon the use to which it is put.

Thus in Fig. 9 I have shown a shield member 12 provided with a layer of heat insulation 98 around the sides and bottom thereof, adapting the shield member for the storage of condiments or the like which must be maintained at a rela-- tively low temperature and hence insulated from the heat generated by the light source 64.

In Fig. 10 I have illustrated a form of shield member indicated by the numeral 12 which is devoid of heat insulation and is adapted for transmitting heat from the light source 64 to the contents of the shield member, such as peanuts or the like. I

In Fig. 11 I have indicated by the numeral 12 still another form of shield member, adapted for use as an ash tray.

If it is desired to remove the lamp construction illustrated in Figs. 4 to 8, inclusive, for inspection or repair, the entire construction may be removed as a unit by moving the annulus 55 upwardly, as illustrated by the broken lines of Fig. 4. This elevation of the annulus 55 serves to elevate the cylindrical shell 56 and the entire lamp construction, the contact sliding over the contact arm 69, and thus eliminating the necessity of removing any electrical connections.

The diffusion member II, like the difiusion member 33 previously described, may be conwhite light, but also to transmit a colored light of the desired characteristics as previously referred to, and it will be understood that the term diffusion member, asemployed herein, applies to constructions of both types.

The numeral I03 indicates another embodiment of my invention, illustrated in Figs. 12 to 14, inclusive. This embodiment is adapted for use in a passenger vehicle, such as a coup, or sedan, or truck cab, or the like. The numeral I 04 indicates the ceiling of such a vehicle, which is provided with a cylindrical opening I above which there is mounted a downwardly concave supporting member I06. The supporting member I00 may have its lower surface I0'I polished,

plated, or coated to provide a reflecting surface,

and supports centrally of the opening I05 a conventional'light socket I08 connected in the usual manner to a source of potential. Secured in the socket I08 is a light bulb or light source I09.

Secured to the surface of the ceiling I04 around the opening I05 is an annular flange IIO of a housing III which includes a vertical cylindrical wall II2 extending into the opening I05. The cylindrical wall I I2 is provided with a plurality of pin-receiving openings, illustrated as two in number, each of which includes an upper and a lower vertical slot H3 and H4, respectively, connected by a horizontal slot H5. The upper slot II3 communicates with the upper edge of the housing III, and the lower slot II 4 terminates near the lower edge of the housing II I. It should be noted that the vertical cylindrical wall I I2 of the housing II I is spaced radially inwardly of the wall of the opening I05.

Adapted for sliding movement upon the upper edge of the housing II I and in the slots H3, H4, and H5 are horizontal end portions H6 of a supporting arm III, the central portion of which is bent downwardly below the ceiling I04 and is attached at its middle to a sleeve H8. The sleeve I I8 is provided with a depending vertical pin I I9, and a washer I20 is positioned upon the pin against the lower face of the sleeve II8. Also positioned upon the pin H9 and engaging the washer I20 is an upwardly concaved diffusion member I2I having an annular horizontal flange I22. The diffusion member I ZI, which may be formed of material similar to that of the diffusion members II and 33 previously described, is secured in position by a central recessed portion I23 of a clamping member I24, clamping the diffusion member I2I against the washer I20. The clamping member I24 is mounted upon the pin H9 and retained thereon by a ring I25 extending through the pin H9. The ring I25 is movable from a horizontal position within the recessed portion I23 of the clamping member I24, as illustrated by the full lines of Fig. 12,'to a depending position, illustrated by the dotted lines I20 of Fig. 12, in which latter position it may be easily grasped for rotating the diffusion member I2I.

Secured around the peripheral edge of the diffusion member I2I and engaging the lower surface of the annular flange I22 is a protective and decorative rimmember I2I. An annular gasket I28 is secured to the upper surface of the horizontal flange I22, maintaining a light-tight relationship between the flange IIO of the housing III and the diffusion member I2I when the diffusion member I2I is in its uppermost position, as illustrated in Fig. 12. In this position all of the light from the light source I09 entering the vehicle passes through the diffusion member I2I with the result that the interior of the vehicle is illuminated to a relatively low degree, providing the minimum interference with the drivers vision of the road ahead and of his instruments.

When it is desired to illuminate the interior of the vehicle to a higher degree, the ring I25 is moved to its depending position, illustrated by dotted lines I26, and rotated, thus causing the diffusion member I2I and the arm III to rotate until the horizontal portions I I 6 of the arm slide downwardly in the upper slots II 3 in the housing III. The horizontal portions H0 of the arm II! will then rest upon the lower walls of the horizontal slots II5, restraining the diffusion member I2I against further downward movement.

In this position an annular space of substantial dially and horizontally, illuminating the interior of the vehicle to a higher degree and providing suflicient illumination to permit the occupants of the vehicle to read a printed page, map, or the like.

Even a higher degree of illumination may be provided by further rotation of the diifusion member l2! and the arm H1 in the manner previously described until the horizontal portions I Hi of the arm I I! slide downwardly in the lower vertical slots il of the housing EH. In this position of the diffusion member I?! an annular space of even greater vertical dimension is provided between the horizontal flange iii] of the housing ill and the gasket I28, thus increasing the quantity of light-which passes outward above the diffusion member I25 to illuminate'the vehicle.

When the diiiusion member 521 is placed in the desired position, the ring 125 may be forced upwardly into the recessed portion 523 of the clamping member I24.

With all the embodiments of my invention it will be seen that there can be provided a low degree of illumination, the light being soft and free of glare and a high degree of illumination suitable for reading purposes and the like and any desired degree of illumination betweenthese limits.

It will further be seen that the lamp construction of my invention permits the ready adjustment of the vertical dimensions of the field of illumination independently of variations in the in tensity of the illumination, so that the field of illumination may be made lower than the eye level of the individual.

Further, in the lamp construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, it will be seen that as the shade or shield 53 may be made with its inner surface of any desired degree of reflective quality, the character of illumination may be varied by elevating the shade relative to the diffusion member Thus vnen the upper reflector A is spaced upwardly from the diffusion member 33, the light source provides an annular beam of light which impinges upon and is reflected from the inner surface of the shade it. As the upper reflector 65 is moved vertically relative to the diffusion member 33, the direction of this annular beam of light remains substantially constant, but, while the shade 4'56 is being moved vertically relative to the light source 29, this beam impinges upon difierent portions of its inner surface. By forming the shade it so that its lower reflecting surface is curved, this change in location of the area of impingement of the annular beam thereon causes a change in the angles of incidence and reflection, changing the characteristics of the light reflected by the shade 58. This change in such characteristics may be controlled by the curvature of the shade i8 and movement of the shade 48 relative to the light source 29.

In the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4 the shade or shield may be mounted on a universal or ball and socket joint suitably supported on the rod at or a central rod carried by upwardly converging arms on the reflector 69, so that the light passing through or above the diflusion members 3-3 or H on opposite sides thereof may be varied in inverse relation by tilting the shade directed from said light source otherwise than or shield, a construction particularly -useful for display and'the like when the diffusion member is colored to 'diifuselight-unlike daylight, and

*the'lig'ht source issuch as 'to provide light "above the-difiusion memberlike daylight. I

With particular-reference to the embodiment "illustrated in Figs. 4;to 1 1, inclusive, it should be noted that-the light provided-tattle table top 50 consists of a radialbeam which is substantially horizontaland that this beam illuminates the annulatflel-d of the tabletop. Suchbeam'provides illuminating effects 7 different from those secured by an overheadlight sourcesuch, for example, as the shadows castbyarticles thereon'and has an upper boundary inclining outwardly from the light source, so: thatatthe'peripheryof' the table top it is below the eye level'of individualsseated at the table. 'The depending flange 15 of the shield member '13'may be so designed'and the light source 6:3 50 positioned relative to the table top 59' that the light source iitcannot be seen by individuals seated at thetable, and there is no reflectionof the light source on the table top visible to such individuals.

While those embodiments of, my invention hereinbeiore illustrated and described are fully capable of performingthe objects and providing the advantages primarily statedlth ere are .various niodiflcationsfwhich may likewise. perform these objects and provide these,.a 'dvantages. 'For example, the embodiment illustrated inFigs. '1 to 3, inclusive, may be provided {with a supporting stand adapting-theconstruction'for use as a floor lamp, bridge lamp, or the likejinstead of a table light. Likewise the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 may be used as a wall light, and the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 12 may be employed as a wall diffusion member disposed to receive rays of light toward said reflecting member and said reflector and rays of light reflected from said reflector; and means adjustably connecting said reflector to said reflecting member whereby said reflector may be secured between position adjacent said difiusion member and position substantially spaced therefrom, the area of said difiusion member receiving light directly from said light source being the same for each of said positions.

2. In a, lamp construction, the combination of a supporting stand including telescoping members and locking means releasably securing said members against relative movement; a light source on said stand; a reflecting member fixed to on of said members adjacent said light source; a movable reflector; a light diffusion member disposed to receive rays of light directed from said light source otherwise than toward said reflecting member and said reflector and rays of light reflected from said reflector; and means adjustably connecting said reflector to said reflecting member whereby said reflector may be moved from position directing all of its reflected light through said diflusion member to position directing a substantial portions of its reflected light around said difiusion member, the area of said difiusion memb'er, receiving light directly from said light source bowl-shaped reflector vertically movably mounted with respect to said light source, shell, and first reflector and normally disposed with its edge con tiguous to the upper edge of said shell; and means for vertically moving said second reflector relative to said shell to provide an annular opening therebetween through which light rays may be relatively completely transmitted.

i 4. In an illuminator, the combination of an upwardly opening first bowl-shaped opaqu reiflector; a light source; a cylindrical shell incompletely transmissive of light, disposed with its lower edge contiguous to the edge of said first reflector; a downwardly opening second opaque bowl-shaped reflector vertically movably mounted with respect to said light source, shell, and'flrst reflector and normally disposed with its edge contiguous to the upper edge of said shell; means for vertically moving said second reflector relative to said shellto provide an annular opening therebetween through which light raysmay be relatively completely transmitted; and a downwardly opening third bowl-shaped reflector spaced outside of and mounted to move with said second reflector and disposed with its lower edge below the lower edge of said second reflector.

5. In an illuminator, the combination of: an upwardly opening first bowl-shaped opaque reflector; a light source; a cylindrical shell adapted for the transmission of only colored light; disposed with its lower edge contiguous to the edge of said first reflector; a downwardly opening second opaque bowl-shaped reflector vertically movably mounted with respect to said light source, shell, and first reflector and normally disposed with its edge contiguous to the upper edge of said shell; and means for vertically moving said second reflector relative to said shell to provide an annular opening therebetween through which light rays may be relatively completely transmitted.

6. In an illuminator, the combination of an upwardly opening first bowl-shaped opaque reflector; a light source; a cylindrical shell incompletely transmissive of light, disposed with its lower edge contiguous to the'edge of said first reflector; a downwardly opening second opaque bowl-shaped reflector vertically movably mounted with respect to said light source, shell, and first reflector and normally disposed with its edge contiguous to the upper edge of said shell; and means for vertically moving said second reflector relative to said shell to provide an annular opening therebetween through which light rays may be relatively completely transmitted, said reflector, said source, and said shell being so disposed that rays directly from said source and rays reflected by said second reflector may pass through said annular opening.

' MANUEL MARKOWITZ. 

